Ex. Sharecropping. #;ou20/. In parallel, the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War argued that the Confederacy had been justified in its effort to secede from the Union and that Reconstruction had been a mistake. List the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. Radical Republicans thought it was letting the South off too easily. was the purpose of the Ku Klux Klan? Again, there were many reasons for the poor government in the South, including violence and sabotage from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the racial animosity that inspired them, a general unwillingness to accept the political and social implications of equality under the law, and a lingering deep resistance to the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution and Union to state and local authority in matters of national significance. What were Black Codes, and why were they created? What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? The Freedmen's Bureau was designed to help blacks and poor whites by providing cloths, food, and education. Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. The central question of Reconstruction was how to reunite a badly divided country fractured by four years of civil war. D 7. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. wealthy plantation owners and Confederate officials. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. The organization put in place after the Civil War to provide schools in the South was known as: answer choices The Civil Rights Committee Who did the states and congress give free land to? they became caught up in debt. The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. Alexander Stephens. WebReconstruction refers to the period 1) the period before the Civil War 2) the period after the Civil War 3) the era of civil rights movement 4) the era after the Revolutionary War 2. the The Command of the Army Act prevented the president from issuing orders to the military except through the general of the army, who at the time was Ulysses S. Grant; additionally, the commanding general could not be removed without the Senate's consent. D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina, Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, Excerpt from the testimony of Henry Blake, 1937. Who was the Republican leader in the House? They gave land to the railroads. While this lesson will not provide answers for all of these questions, the hope is that it will point students in the direction of seeking out such answers with the documents and the interactive provided and formulating their own similar kinds of questions. endstream endobj 116 0 obj <>stream 124 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<0D0942F02A0E3A4583123BBEFA335B80><310633F8B9553C42B3774455F36DF9D6>]/Index[109 24]/Info 108 0 R/Length 78/Prev 144476/Root 110 0 R/Size 133/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Voter fatigue- northerners were tired of worrying about it and hearing about it. The sentence contains at least one complement. pNqmjEJOpKxZv{u 4-aCn v84l%_YYk:Ii:vSG#oa H"x\*Uj/V-,!9.RT5\VM_nCdB5" \.x}{ No/^+4.svjc;NfdHsfJhl\_e2nsS,{ The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. It helped maintain schools for black kids and insured fairness of labor contracting. Stanton was suspended in August 1867 and replaced with Grant as an interim. WebWhat is Reconstruction? The Fifteenth Amendment was designed to allow all male citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This was a bold and progressive change to Americas Constitution, however feelings of racism persisted throughout the wounded nation. In fact, African Americans took part in all the conventions and made up the majority of delegates in South Carolina. In the Senate? When duly elected black representatives were expelled from the Georgia legislature, Georgia once again fell under military rule. The 15th Amendment became an unenforced dead letter by the late nineteenth century. What lesson did the Republicans learn from Grant's slim victory? endstream endobj 119 0 obj <>stream The new legislation was passed in July over Johnson's veto. Who did the Fifteenth Amendment formally grant the right to vote in 1870? At the end of this lesson, each student should demonstrate his or her proficiency by doing one of the following: 1. To help African Americans, particularly those who had been enslaved, adjust to life with increased rights and responsibilities, To ensure that white voters supported anti-slavery laws and policies. Once you are finished, click the button below. Yes, two from Mississippi. Compute the acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds -30. Copy of Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Activity.docx, Karen-Hernandez_Evaluating_Reconstruction_Interactive_Activity, Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.docx, Janmarco Ordonez Romero - Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.pdf, Linh Ho - Reconstruction Notes Questions.docx, Deysha Macrae Reconstruction assignment.docx, HIS 121-W1 Ch. Grant won the 1868 presidential election by a landslide in the Electoral College, but only won the popular vote by 300,000 ballots. How did many Southern states work around the voting rights guaranteed in the Fifteenth Amendment? It helped the Republicans seat more than 2/3 majority in the House and Congress. General Grant National Memorial, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park, Ulysses S Grant National Historic Site, Download the official NPS app before your next visit, Reconstruction Era National Historic Park, reconstruction era national historical park, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park. Lincoln: The states should be reintegrated into the Union when ten percent Johnson denounced the Fourteenth Amendment and urged the southern states not to ratify it. For all groups: The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Group A: Excerpt from Frederick Douglass, Address to the Massachusetts Antislavery Society, April 1865, Group B: Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. Describe the agriculture system of the New South. &!O3bsJ!WK^86QP91IDY LcB=G[s^P`~`AB)Pd~yfOqbS(ox2GWb{quG9sX }Lg U[* Which of the following is true of the Civil Rights Act of 1866? In this activity, students will be asked to imagine that they are research assistants gathering evidence for a prominent historian (the teacher) during the years following Reconstruction. WebThe Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality? Johnson's policies. Who were its members? Fear of black rule. 109 0 obj <> endobj WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. The great political battles of the era were full of interesting reflections and assertions about the nature and purpose of America and American government. Group A: Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis from Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, North Carolina Narratives, 1937, Group B: Excerpt from Rev. These research assistants will evaluate a series of documents (which in this activity will substitute for live interviews) representing a variety of views concerning the direction of Reconstruction policy regarding voting rights and the impact these views had or should have had on the politics of the nation. On September 111, 193919391939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. %PDF-1.5 % The House and Senate refused to seat southern delegates. Use information gathered from the interactive maps to inform their understanding of the political, social, and economic problems confronting the nation in the wake of Reconstruction. He told the southern states to reject it. To conclude, the Reconstruction was almost a complete failure. The Radical. EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Smithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era, America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War, Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation, Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis, Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869, The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. pF{:RTV In February 1868, after months of investigation, the House voted to impeach the president, largely on the grounds that Johnson had violated the Tenure of Office Act in firing Edwin Stanton. How did the Compromise of 1877 effectively end Reconstruction? The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been recalled from the South. Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war. HWn}W*(5X,lvLvv}X[ZKq>yFNIQ:UNWOo+S.~/\N($B;f %QI`MVy*|UrS=/4t4_&y^F?7KH84ZxGIUl~&=$wZ]mI_}?cIt4.#9r{s~zn|'nDD DqPz7.|f@(F_k~mz\(J( ,l=70$(yAbs[ki i l}QXvf;;4f74x4B3G3=!7.W X5Xz4]?w/ %Q:!^M_}8z:K H?Ce[U|.CKu@CY) iw#7PY7WP$|WPUqAr5vVK]tok*Dx|MX:-!O Jo#=j8u>rRt\?n! ~.Mgq1JwPD_8 sgA4DY_.kYTP@FuU;zvbEFX=1 S$&5blu1X3=y\W]lh 5f+tY[SU%-6+VZX]r6_>:@ t QYoySE"6=sPoa'&vxgO,q2@pYb: S,d.b9Ij?z/pT0,8[Bx53;IGbxfBQcNx;sLWcw1s}(5_1TJz0O#FNl7DysZjEnjN0_k!d.vT&_AfjwGlEPC|aVK=:+JG}gg] @@ovkV\Uv(%xR\V&%9 cn_n@:/X4m4dIo1i`m[q}+ql4w How would you evaluate corruption in the Reconstruction legislatures? The Reconstruction Era was a transformative period in U.S. history that took place during the Civil War era. This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. vague-treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors. endstream endobj 113 0 obj <>stream The Southerners saw the Freedmen's Bureau as an organization giving free food to freedmen but never requiring them to work, making them lazy. He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. While it could be used in a derogatory way, it did notin every casesuggest racist attitudes or carry the stigma that it does today. What was the premise behind the sharecropping model of agriculture? The new state legislatures adopted socalled black codes to keep the newly freed African Americans, or freedmen, in their place. Many Native American tribes were stripped of their lands, moved onto reservations, forced into an assimilation program not of their choosing, and in some cases massacred by settlers and/or the U.S. Army. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union. Who did it benefit? It abolished slavery in the United States. Segregation was ruled unconstitutional and all Jim Crow laws had to be immediately repealed. Johnson versus Congress. Presented to the Capitalists and People of the Central and Northern States, by Bannister, Cowan & Company, Group E: Excerpt from Albert T. Morgan, Yazoo, Or, On the Picket Line of Freedom, 1881. The carpetbaggers, so named because of how they travelled light with inexpensive luggage made of fabric, were largely a benign group of Northern Republicans seeking a fresh start in the South (despite Southern Democrats fears to the contrary). Why was the election of 1876 called the Disputed Election? Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in It was approved by both houses in June 1866. endstream endobj 415 0 obj <>/Metadata 42 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[423 0 R]>>/Outlines 67 0 R/PageLabels 408 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 410 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 70 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 416 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 417 0 obj <>stream In preparation for teaching this lesson, the teacher should review the entire lesson plan, including introductory background information. Johnson and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton were bitter enemies, and the president wanted to get rid of him. It was signed into law by President Andrew Johnson. This represented the reversal of that portion of the Dred Scott decision which ruled that black people were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. As a result, the Democrats began using their newfound majority to roll back many of the social programs put in place during Reconstruction that were designed to aid the poor and African Americans. Question 3 How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. It contributed to a chastening of Republican ambitions in the South and forced the party to concentrate on maintaining its base of support in the North rather than growing the party in Dixie. For each group, briefly describe (in one paragraph) the primary motivations and objectives that moved them to action. To provide African Americans access to government services, To desegregate Southern society and institutions, To restrict the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force, To repeal the slave codes that were in place before the war. The authors of the documents were selected to show a variety of contrasting views and also to reflect the different ways that Reconstruction affected various populations. B 9. It was left to the Senate to try the presidentwith Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presidingand determine whether he should be removed from office. What were the problems faced by the south after the Civil War? Lincoln's and Johnson's plans fundamentally different from the Radical Republican plan. It was thought the freed slaves would be forced to work. ISAISIP TAYAHIN Aling isyu na may kinalaman sa paggalang sa buhay ng tao ang tumutukoy A. Ipakita ang iyong pagkaunawa sa ma konseptong tinatalakay sa pamamagitan paglalaglag sa sanggol mula sa. He believed the South should not be welcomed back into the Union, He believed the Southern states should have to recognize equal rights for African Americans before being welcomed back into the Union, He insisted that a majority of Southern citizens take an oath of loyalty before the South could be welcomed back into the Union. Johnson appointed provisional governors and authorized them to set up state conventions, which in turn were charged with declaring secession illegal; repudiating Confederate debts; ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States; and scheduling elections. Although the Lost Cause narrative argued that Grant's presidency had been a complete failure, more recent scholarship has attempted to reevaluate his legacy in a more balanced manner, highlighting both the accomplishments and shortcomings of his eight years in office. What happened to black #o`9} }#9BNDo9L(]xA g|XW.o&pI.78DBjV]^;. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Our Brother in Black: His Freedom and Our Future, 1881, William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War and After, An AutobiographyA Southern Colored Woman, Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War, Lesson 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Politics of Reconstruction, The Battle Over Reconstruction: Southern Recovery. They passed two bills. Several states refused to either repudiate the huge debt produced by the war or unconditionally accept the Thirteenth Amendment. African Americans began to be elected to federal, state, and local governmental posts. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain, February 17, 1868 during the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Excerpt from Senator Carl Schurz of Missouri, Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain. Microbiology CH9 Genetic Change and Genome Ev. What did the Black Codes indicate to the North? Congressional Reconstruction. Powerful families regularly disagree on who should gain control over which resources. It tested the Constitution and resulted in a compromise that ended Reconstruction in America. 9RR}yswNQZ8][1FM_+ !~TrFH(n$J*sEsoWg >tNs=agsdZqRikzY9;.k`A5T-*kd>[MQ`&;Q3=z,:\P:GeeeE? They were codes or rules created by southerners after the Civil War to restrict the new rights and freedoms of African American in the south. WebEvaluating Reconstruction from Multiple Perspectives Introduction The 10 year period after the Civil War is known as the Reconstruction Era. Ulysses S. Grant, Gen Commander of the Union forces in the Civil War. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union What were the problems Determined to prevent Johnson from interfering with their plan, Radical Republicans pushed through two pieces of legislation in March 1867 intended to severely limit presidential power. The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional (Radical Republican), and then Military control (Military Reconstruction Act - South broken down into 5 military districts), Communication des organisations - section 3, Lincoln's vs. Johnson's Plans for Reconstruct, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Civil War, Reconstruction and Old West Review. hVKo@+{l>[" mD1j*E9Uvwf]R0p#\hXbX@" kB" z5:w[*aUwiD2[Av4ft?eSdMN'Vm'yl9/fh-5E"$tXM_=?)[1ZX&/rW-]gK@0Xmzf7+U-"jE1ENM|:2!US.N,'(g({e]a]X`6K(R(:eFF| hwAocF@s00Zm/~;?VJoI(s` }L 6k'pU]sT@VY&Cv; XH8FgCL=rM5Ax6Kv$8u#+8>&`v ? The documents listed above in conjunction with an examination of the painting could be used to spark an in-class discussion of the difficulties facing the South as it moved from one kind of social structure to a new, more American, way of life. However, Congress refused to seat the newly elected senators and representatives from the South. first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. President Johnson vetoed the Act, but Congress overrode his veto to pass it. bJLA/RO\Hh2cN]J8JUApfGuYB^(YDLsNil/y!0>3LW{0 nPt2==eD>>H5o Reconstruction Era National Historic Park in Beaufort, South Carolina defines Reconstruction as having started in 1861 (the beginning of the American Civil War) and lasting until the early twentieth century. Republicans were in control of both the House and Senate, and they gave a ringing endorsement to the amendment and congressional, not presidential, Reconstruction. What was Johnson's plan for Reconstruction? HUj@}WDn! It declared that all people born in the United States are entitled to be citizens without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery. 20F_B[G S`F>6~hf( quizlet.com H6 Reconstruction i. Reconstruction in Practice. The teacher will also want to discuss the vernacular and odd spellings that occasionally come through in diary entries and interviews with ordinary citizens and ex-slaves. These groups will take on the role of special investigative committees reporting to a Congressional committee examining the effects of Reconstruction. This was all Congress needed to begin impeachment proceedings. HUn0+(cj , @X! Senators? It required a majority of voters in each Confederate state to swear their allegiance to the US before rejoining the Union, It prohibited Confederate officials and military leaders from voting or holding office. He pushed for the establishment of the Department of Justice in 1870, which was tasked with investigating acts of violence against African Americans. 132 0 obj <>stream Where did most black Americans live in 1900? C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI WebQuestion 1 What was the primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? These conditions made it quite difficult for the Republican Party to get much of a foothold in the South among any except black voters and those who had relocated from the North. Southern voters also elected to Congress highranking Confederate officials and officers, some of whom had not received one of the thirteen thousand pardons Johnson issued during the summer of 1865. Following Lincoln's assassination, the task of implementing Reconstruction fell to his vice president, Andrew Johnson. The end of the war brought with it much devastation and, of course, those who knew how to turn devastation into opportunity. HU=s0+E{r\Ivtv($ *]L0/ u-HKX~9T This hostility gathered strength as scandals continued to supply evidence for its justification. Weighted against growth in the North, the South fared poorer by all economic gauges. Explain your choice. `cw]}{(ugeFo, +mKk.]{g~S^NWs0znS`~Zm%,Kw~vBY5_oLx|? Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. This legislation overturned "Black Codes" that had been established in the former Confederate states and had been used to keep African Americans in a near-state of slavery. While not generally used today, it was accepted usage (by both black and white writers) during this period and it is part of the historical record. How might a fact like this have affected opinions on questions such as civil rights, government contracts for major infrastructure improvements (such as railroads) and shaped views on questions such as education? The Black Codes included tactics like fines, arrests, and kidnapping to force African Americans back into bondage working on Southern farms without, technically, enslaving them. Established the concepts of birthright citizenship (anyone born within U.S. boundaries or territories subject to the jurisdiction of U.S. law was automatically a U.S. citizen, excluding Indians) and equal protection of the law. More punitive actions against the South, Lincoln felt, would only make it harder to heal the divided nation. While many of the efforts at reconstruction were legitimate and well-intentioned, a good number were not. The government would pay farmers to grow specific crops that were particularly in demand. Saliency maps reveal directly how much a change in each input pixel would affect reconstruction loss, while each pixel's reconstruction error may be attributed to many input pixels when layers are fully connected. Ten Southern states were placed under the control of military leaders until such time as they passed the Fourteenth Amendment and put state constitutions in place that aligned with the United States Constitution. After the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and the ascendancy of Congress in directing Reconstruction policy, the realities of enforcing their well-meaning goals soon dimmed the enthusiasm of many Republicans. Resources that rely on Adobe Flash Player are no longer supported. The long alliance between the women's movement and the abolitionist cause broke, and women struggled on their own for another half century for the right to vote. This show of weakness seemed to set the tone for Grants administration (1869-77) which, though it seemed to offer some promise to restore order and sanity to the South, actually accomplished very little in this realm. HUKo@+VaX@R)nQ1 cwfgK.^|[EsyRBoe &:|. iqQ1c@:)~ TBSQs*qUN!hGm!y~ ;9Yz`E_>| ? :d l%Ope,s/4*rxWOOORcH!G*Q-9#E&iP@Lm6DE#4rt>Oi>'~h[WFW8D'UF1;6>3R^}kE`VqL0, DLi] ZP7 ~K]M6 Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends, Next Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? instituted public school systems and did away with the property requirements for voting. In any event, these Northern carpetbaggers were viewed as outsiders and exploiters by many who formerly had been loyal to the Confederacy. Why was the former Confederacy divided into military districts by the federal government? Andrew Johnson. Return to slavery in a different way. accomplished nothing, it was almost never enforced. In some cases these newcomers were motivated by noble sentiment, while others were merely out to seek their fortunes.
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