He allowed the Hindus to build their temples and follow the personal law according to the Dharmashastras. [5] The total reign of the following kings is mentioned as 1266 years. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. Answer. During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Such striking historical details aside, the preeminent fact is that Kalhanas is a literary text of extraordinary merit. After ruling indirectly and directly. How do people make money on survival on Mars? Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. Kalhana also states that this king had adopted the doctrine of Jina, constructed stupas and Shiva temples, and appeased Bhutesha (Shiva) to obtain his son Jalauka. all exact any . Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. Here maybe Kutumbi = kunabi (as in kurmis of UP and. Abstract. Defeated the Tantrins with help of Damara feudal lords. The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. (I.191) He belonged to. He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar. In the early years of his reign, the actual power was held by Sussala. He looked into an assortment of epigraphic sources connecting with illustrious tributes, development of sanctuaries, and land awards; he concentrated on coins, fantastic remaining parts, family records, and nearby practices. Answer: [C] Jonaraja Notes: Sultan Sikandar established a department to translate Sanskrit works into Persia and vice versa in Kashmir. [clarification needed], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Koenraad Elst: Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate 1999, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=559022, Articles needing expert attention with no reason or talk parameter, Articles needing expert attention from November 2008, Articles with disputed statements from March 2012, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. Writing of Rajatarangini in the introduction to his 1935 English translation of this twelfth-century Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana, R. S. Pandit described it as a "poem of great scope, a more or less complete picture of society, in which the bloody periods of the past are delightfully relieved by delicate tales of love, by episodes of marvel It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. Nothing is known about his origin. [2] The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the. thirty journals, primarily in the humanities and social sciences, though it Subscriber Only Stories View All Buy 2-year plan with SD20 code for special price Son of Partha. From there, Buddhism spread to several other adjoining regions including Central Asia, Tibet and China. According to the Mahabharata, the Kambojs ruled Kashmir during the epic period (The epic period is estimated to be roughly from 1000 to 600 BC, when some of the greatest epics such as; Ramayana and Mahabharata, came into being during this time). The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. Verse 7. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. After Vikramadityas death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. What literary period is the beat generation aligned with? Jonaraja [21][25] However, Sikandar was also the first Kashmiri ruler to convert destroyed temples into Islamic shrines, and such a display of supremacy probably had its origins in religious motivations. Son of Hiranyakula. He also got the Mahabharata and Rajatarangini. He tried to abduct a Nga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Made king by Mamma and Yashovarman. But oddly enough, no translation of the work into Malayalam had been attempted all this time until Raman Menon, a scholar and author of numerous books in Malayalam including an extensive commentary of He was a great-grandson of a Viradeva, a Kutumbi (V.469). Son of Lalitapida and Jayadevi, made the king by his maternal uncle Utpalaka. He was also called the Lalitaditya of Medieval Kashmir as he erected many mosques and monasteries. Kalhana appears to made little attempt to determine the actual sequence of rule of the kings and dynasties he recorded). He stopped the killing of cows by means . Regarding the events of the past, Kalhanas search for material was truly fastidious. Because of this, the Nga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire. He delved deep into such model works as the Harsacarita and the Brihat-samhita epics and used with commendable familiarity the local rajakathas (royal chronicles) and such previous works on Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthivavali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. Accordingly, translation was no longer confined solitary to an isolated linguistic context and the socio-cultural aspects of translation were emphasized. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. After ruling indirectly and directly, Didda (9801003 CE) placed Samgrmarja, son of her brother on the throne, starting the Lohara dynasty. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. We have migrated to a new commenting platform. It describes almost two centuries of the old and early middle age history of the Valley. His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in the court of Harsha of Kashmir. that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonarajas Although the earlier books are inaccurate in their chronology, they still provide an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and are widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. [15], He was the only Shah Mir ruler to keep Hindu courtiers in his court. In this backdrop, the Malayalam translation called Kalhana states that the valley of Kashmir was formerly a lake. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. [15], Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. was Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of NalDamayanti into Persian. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Kalhana lived in a time of political turmoil in Kashmir, at that time a brilliant center of civilization in a sea of barbarism. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. Although inaccurate in its chronology, the book still provides an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and has been widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. Postmodernism is the literary period, the beat generation aligned with. He was adopted as a son by his maternal grandfather, and assumed the title Pratapaditya after the title of the grandfather's dynasty. Translations. Devout Shaivite. [12] These kings ruled Kashmir for 192years. Users can access their older comments by logging into their accounts on Vuukle. Expelled several irreligious Brahmins who used to eat garlic (non-. Rajatarangini, Telugu translation by Renduchintala Lakshmi Narasimha Sastry, This page was last edited on 14 November 2022, at 18:27. When did the capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi? Contextual translation of "poyu ta" from Persian into Tagalog. [25][26], Sikandar died in April, 1413 upon which, the eldest son 'Mir' was anointed as the Sultan having adopted the title of Ali Shah. Kalhana relates that Lalitaditya Muktapida invaded the tribes of the north and after defeating the Kambojas, he immediately faced the Tusharas. the Kambojs If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. rajatarangini of kalhana vol iv - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini of kalhana vol ii - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini - shri ramtej shastri pandey_part3. Deposed by Tantrin soldiers, who had earlier served as the royal bodyguards. [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. He is most remembered for his Advaita Vedantist text, the Dasbodh. He assigned the work to a few officials to translate the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language, the literary language of the Mughal court. [5] According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. Rajatharangini promises to arouse a great deal of interest among readers. Madurai is one of the major cities in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. You can try more lenient search to get some results. The book closes with the establishment of the Karkota Naga dynasty by Durlabhaka Pratapaditya II, and it is from Book IV on that Rajatarangini takes on the character of a dependable historical narrative. Translation of " " into Persian . Raman Menons translation bears the signature of his scholarly skills, derived from mastery of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. Learn about a brief history of Adi Shankaracharya, one of the most revered teachers in India's spiritual history. [6] Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha. [7] Romila Thapar equates Jalauka to Kunala, stating that "Jalauka" is an erroneous spelling caused by a typographical error in Brahmi script. Concerning past occasions, Kalhana wrote that the material was genuinely picky. [18][19] A welfare-state was installed oppressive taxes were abolished, and free schools and hospitals were commissioned. Abu 'l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonaraja's Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni translated into Persian at Akbar's orders. Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of Nal-Damayanti into Persian. After this battle, the regions of Ladakh and Baltistan which were under the rule of Kashgar came under the rule of Shah Miris.Sultan also marched towards Delhi and the army of Feroz Shah Tughlaq opposed him at the banks of River Satluj. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. Verse 11. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Ascended the throne after her death, beginning, Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara, Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by, Second son of Kalasha. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer.
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