And although Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud are separated by continents and decades, surprisingconnections will tie their stories together in the end. It is shabbos and time for Josefs Bar Mitzvah, the Jewish religious ceremony when a Jewish boy turns 13 years old. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. After its passengers were denied asylum in Cuba, the ship tragically returned to Europe, hoping to find sanctuary for its passengers between four European countries: Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and England. Order our Refugee (Alan Gratz) Study Guide, teaching or studying Refugee (Alan Gratz). Josef is a Jewish boy in 1930s Nazi Germany. Its other accolades include the Sydney Taylor Book Award, the National Jewish Book Award, the Cybils Middle Grade Fiction Award, a Charlotte Huck Award Honor, and a Malka Penn Award for . For the last few years, there has been a war in his country between the Syrian government, rebels, the Soviets, the United States and several other factions. This is a must read for anyone, especially people who like history. He and his family try to escape to Cuba on the. Alan Gratz is the bestselling author of a number of novels for young readers. A heartrending and important tale for our time. publication in traditional print. In addition, any storyboard can be made sharable, where a private link to the storyboard can be shared externally. Josef goes to find his sister but when he comes back his father is gone. Refine any search. Mahmoud Bishara is a twelve-year-old boy who lives in Aleppo, Syria in 2015. Isabels story starts with a riot. Heartrendingly, Josef notes that he and Ruthie never want to leave the St. Louis, the first place they have been treated as human beings in a long while. When Isabel is asked to play a song at her new school in America, she plays a Cuban salsa version of The Star-Spangled Banner.. Teachers and parents! He promises the passengers that he will try to deliver them to a country other than Germany. This Study Guide consists of approximately 70pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - Josef, his father, mother, and little sister Ruthie are all asleep when their home is invaded during Kristallnacht, the night when Nazi police and "Brownshirts" were directed to destroy Jewish shops, homes, and synagogues, and terrorize Jewish citizens all across Germany. -Graham S. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. What is the resolution for Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud inRefugee? My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Refugee is a young adult literature novel by Alan Gratz published by Scholastic Corporation in 2017. What are the different settings of the novel and how does it affect and shape the characters? This summary should be accessible to high beginning or low intermediate ENL students. Lito is rescued and deported to Cuba. The frequent dangers that surround the boat underline the fragility of hope in the life of the novels asylum-seekers. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Mahmouds city, the once-beautiful Aleppo, is particularly vulnerable, since it houses a large number of rebels opposed to al-Assad. The book revolves around three main characters from three different eras: Nazi Germany, 1990s Cuba, and modern-day Syria. Josef's story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. Isabels beloved grandfather Litoshort for Abuelitois on board as well, though he is unsure about leaving Cuba. This is a powerful and inspirational book written by Alan Gratz, a great author. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. After the war ended, Ruth returned to Germany to look for Josef and Rachel, but learned that the two were killed in concentration camps. The Circuit: Stories from the Life of a Migrant Child. Just as when Isabel gave some of her paltry food to the cat, Gratz shows here how even the most destitute people can still give somethingthus, those with more than that should be able to provide any aid they can, too. His selflessness is made evident when he sacrifices his own life for his sister's. Josef later dies in a concentration camp. He is of average height with brown hair and brown eyes. Refine any search. Summary Themes Questions & Answers Characters Analysis Refugee Themes T he main themes in Refugee are trauma and growing up, the dehumanization of refugees, and empathy and hope. Complete your free account to request a guide. One example is when Josefs family falls apart and he has to be the leader by talking to other people and acting as the main adult of his family. Alan Gratzs novel Refugee (2017) illuminates the worldwide refugee crisis through the stories of three children fleeing possible death with their families in different times and places. Isabels boat, too, tips over, the sea claiming her familys food and water. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. The St. Louis was an actual ship that sailed from Hamburg to Cuba in May, 1939 under the command of Captain Gustav Schrder. Filled with both tragic loss and ample evidence of resilience, these memorable and tightly plotted stories contextualize and give voice to current refugee crises, Exceptional readers Michael Goldstrom, Kyla Garcia, and Assaf Cohen tackle Gratzs compelling novel. You have successfully joined Alan's newsletter list! In Refugee, what is the climax of Mahmoud's story. Judy Blundell, National Book Award winning author of What I Saw and How I Lied. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. His father refuses to leave the cabin, thinking the gathering is a Nazi trap. Josef Landauis fleeing Nazi Germany in 1939. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. The two families face many challenges as they try to cross the Caribbean Sea to Florida. All are escaping persecution and seeking safety and freedom. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Josef's father, along with thousands of other Jewish men, was arrested and sent to Dachau, a concentration camp. Fidel Castro has taken over the country of Cuba and the citizens are sick of his dictatorship. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Mahmouds story starts with their apartment building collapsing, due to people rioting because of the civil war going on in Syria. Get news and updates about the stuff Alan writes! In what ways were they taken advantage of or harmed by the cruelty and apathy of others? This section starts with Josefs perspective, somewhere on the Atlantic in 1939, 8 days from home (74). With the threat of concentration camps looming, he and his family board a ship bound for the other side of the world, Isabel is a Cuban girl in 1994. Struggling with distance learning? Purchasing Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Review: Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. Meanwhile, there is a rumor spreading that the ships passengers are likely to be turned back from Cuba, a thought too terrible for Josef to accept. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. Josef and his family flee Nazi Germany in 1938; Isabel and her family flee Cuba in 1994; and Mahmoud and his family flee Syria in 2015. 2023 . Sometimes it can end up there. Christina Diaz Gonzalez, author of The Red Umbrella and A Thunderous Whisper. Josef recites the blessing and after the ceremony everyone congratulates him. Ruth promises to help Mahmoud find Hana. eNotes Editorial. In one, Josef and his Jewish family flee Nazi Berlin in 1938. Josef demonstrates his personal desire to grow up, but over the course of the novel he comes to recognize the value of being able to be a child. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. This is how Mahmoud puts it: No one cares about us if we stay out of your way, but if we come near you were seen as a burden. While they travel, they ask if anyone has seen Hana. The novels subtler point is that this extraordinariness itself is terrible. They board the St. Louis, a large German ship, and set out. Margaret Neville, The King's English Bookstore, 2018 Sydney Taylor Book Award Winner for Older Readers, 2018 National Jewish Book Award Winner for Young Adults, New York Times Notable Middle Grade Childrens Book 2017, 2017 Cybils Middle Grade Fiction Award Winner, 2018 Indies Choice/E.B. Faced with her father being sent to prison, Isabel and her family (her pregnant Mami, Papi, and grandfather Lito) decide to band together with Isabel's best friend Ivan and his family, the Castillos. eNotes Editorial. This is an engaging tale. The audio version provides an ideal (even mandatory) opportunity for libraries to share these resonating tales with readers reluctant to pick up the page. As Gratz observes in his authors note to the novel, the MS St. Louis was a real ship carrying 937 passengers, almost all of them Jews fleeing Nazi atrocities, that set sail for Cuba from Hamburg in 1939. Josef Landau. The way the content is organized, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. Isabel's story is set in Cuba in 1994 during a time of great economic crisis and upheaval. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." The Nazis invade France in 1940, forcing the Landaus to go on the run once again. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. "Refugee - Summary" eNotes Publishing Making their way past ISIS operatives, they get to Turkey by road, where a boat is to take them to Greece tomorrow. Again, like it was for the Landaus at the Cuban coast, that tomorrow is deferred, day after day and week after week, and the family is forced to take shelter in an abandoned Turkish mall. Also, there are parallels between the three stories, and at the end, all of the three stories are connected. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. The novel begins with the story line of twelve-year-old Josef, a Jewish boy in Germany. All storyboards and images are private and secure. Josef's father is convinced there is a trap, so Josef and his mother go without him. Struggling with distance learning? He watches his friends' father, whom had already sought asylum in Cuba, come to pick up his daughters on the boat. Once he is released, the family flees to Cuba. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Isabel Fernandez lives in Cuba in 1994. Once he is released, the family flees to Cuba. Out of these passengers, it was mostly those who found asylum in England who survived World War II. Renews March 11, 2023 Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. The journey aboard the St. Louis from Hamburg to Havana is a sunny interlude in Josef and Ruths troubled childhood. All storyboards are public and can be viewed and copied by anyone. However, beneath the surface, the ride isnt as perfect as it looks, and Josef has to take the initiative several times. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All three stories make for a great novel and it will teach you a lot and appreciate how good we have it. Summary & Analysis Josef: Berlin, Germany - 1938; Isabel: Outside Havana, Cuba - 1994 (1) Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria - 2015 (1) . Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. However, unspeakable tragedy occurs when Ivn dies in a sudden shark attack. It gives the reader an unflinching look at the humanity, courage, and struggle of refugees seeking safety and freedom. However, the trouble begins when the ship docks in Havana harbor and the Cuban government does not allow the passengers to disembark. Chapter 13 Summary: "Josef: Somewhere on the Atlantic Ocean1939" During the Atlantic crossing in 1939, Josef's bar mitzvah ceremony is about to take place. The way the content is organized, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. Mahmouds father tells them that Germany is accepting Syrian refugees and if they can get to Greece, they will be able to travel within the European Union to reach Germany. Free trial is available to new customers only. Isabel wakes up, still in the boat, now 3 days from home. Mahmouds journey is punctuated by icy rain even when he is still on dry land, as in Turkey, where his family scrambles for a dry place to stay. Usually, Im not interested in history, but I couldnt put this book down. A biblical reference to Noahs ark as the sanctuary bridging creatures over troubled waters is implicit in the novels boat imagery. Josef wonders what this means for (read more from the Pages 74 - 109 Summary). Isabel Fernandezis escaping Castro's Cuba in 1994. It tells the story of three refugee children and their families in different times and places. His family decides to leave and trek to Germany. On the ship, Ruth, born in Nazi Germany, has the freedom to play openly for the first time in her life. Empathy and Social Responsibility. While walking on the boat afterwards, a newly minted man, he overhears the stewards discussing how the ships engines are maxed out - in order to beat the other ships to Cuba. Though Josef is devastated, he wonders if this is what becoming a man means - not relying on your father. Officer Padron insists they had the right papers but the crowd gets mad insisting they also have the right papers. The second date is today's In the end, these three stories are connected. Instant PDF downloads. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Josef did, and he sacrificed himself for Ruth. What I really like about this book is the changing perspectives. The Bisharas set sail on the crowded raft, standing in the freezing rain and cold. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. The Nazis labelling Aarons practice as a crime against the German people inherently detaches them from their own German culture. Mahmoud hands his sister, Hana, to another passing raft of refugees, knowing that his mother cannot hold her and swim. After a riot in Havana, Isabels family decides that they should also leave Cuba immediately. Within the portal, all users can view and copy all storyboards. Equally real are the events of 1994 depicted in the novel. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. Josefs hope starts to waver following the discovery that the ship may not actually allow them to find a new life in Cuba. After drifting off to the Bahamas, the Fernandez and Castillo families finally steer back on course to reach Florida, but not before Isabels mother delivers her baby brother in the boat. Chapter 1 Summary: "Josef: Berlin, Germany1938". date the date you are citing the material. This is a fascinating tale. Kimberly Brubaker Bradley, Newbery Honor winning author of The War That Saved My Life. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Young readers will finish this book and ask: What should we do? In large numbers, Cubans are protesting the regime of Fidel Castro, whose flawed policies they believe have led to the economic catastrophe. Their city of Aleppo is in ruins and the family decide that leaving Syria is their only option if they wish to survive. Pam Muoz Ryan, author of Echo and Esperanza Rising. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. You're awesome. On Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, seven Nazi Brownshirts (storm troopers) raid his home. According to history, most of the St. Louiss passengers had to return to Europe, denied asylum by Cuba and Europe. (including. Though the stories are fictionalized, the events they draw from are historical, enabling readers to empathize with the perils of those whose lives are too often dismissed as remote news stories. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. (He is Officer Padron from Josefs story.) The chapter ends as Josef searches for his father and realizes his father has jumped overboard. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs The refugees aboard the St. Louis are delivered to England, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. When Officer Padron returns to the St. Louis, he is treated like a hero by the Jewish passengers. Log in here. (one code per order). Josef's story is set in Nazi Germany in 1939. Fatima holds little Hana over her head, while Mahmoud keeps Fatima afloat. In 1938, his home is raided by Nazi storm troopers, and his father is taken to the Dachau concentration camp. However, soon enough, Germany invades Poland, thus beginning World War II. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. Josef's life is turned upside down on the night when Nazi Brownshirts take his father away to a concentration camp. Last Updated on June 29, 2020, by eNotes Editorial. Thank you! What can you learn about the people and the time period from these allusions? The rest of the passengers grow angry. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Mahmoud's story is set in Syria in 2015 during the Syrian Civil War. Refugee is a heart-pounding adventure as well as an important book that shines a light on a too often invisible and politicized problem. A haunting fictional treatment of historic events. Thus, the waters are deceptive for Josef, as is proved when the St. Louis is turned back from the Cuban shore. Word Count: 1050. However, one day Castro announces that he wont enforce staying in the country anymore, and Isabels family is ready to leave in a small boat their friends made. In Isabels journey, Ivn is claimed by sharks, which symbolize the life-taking maw of the ocean. Like Josef, Isabel too has to grow up overnight in the face of uncertainty and assume the mantle of the adult of the family. Josef's father suffers greatly from post traumatic stress disorder from his months of torture, starvation, and hard labor in the concentration camp. With the fall of the Soviet Union, aid to Cuba has dried up, and many families starve. Instant PDF downloads. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Gratz illustrates more dehumanization from the Nazis, exemplified in Schiendicks equation of the children with rats. Thus, Gratz presents the stark reality of the perils of such a passage. His father was put into a concentration camp during "The Night of Broken Glass," while Josef and his sister, Ruth watched their father being taken inhumanly. online is the same, and will be the first date in the citation. Six months later, Aaron tells his family in a letter that he has been released from the concentration camp Dachau by the Nazis on the condition that the family leave Germany immediately. date the date you are citing the material. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Refugee Characters. The Circuit: Stories from the Life of a Migrant Child. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Josefs fathers jump into the sea symbolizes his desire to annihilate himself. Aarons purported crime is that he is still practicing law when the Nazis have expressly forbidden the Jewish community from that profession. Scholastic|July 25,2017|Ages 8and Up. publication online or last modification online. Lito jumps in the water to distract the Coast Guard, and Isabels mother gives birth to a boy, just as they reach the shore. By focusing on details such as Ruths stuffed rabbit, Mahmouds counterfeit life jackets, and Isabels trumpet, fiction forces readers to view tragedy not as a removed phenomenon, but as something happening daily to people like us.. Mahmoud learns to shed his anonymity and turn more decisive as his raft flounders in the Mediterranean. If there are three dates, the first date is the date of the original Struggling with distance learning? Want 100 or more? From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. The Landau's went through many hardships during the . Josef Landau, from the book Refugee, is a 13 year old boy born into the life of World War 2. The passage of the two families is secured by Lito, who throws himself into the water to distract the US Coast Guard. Lito atones for the past by treading water and returning to Cuba. Teachers and parents! Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. Josef Landau Josef is a 13-year-old Jewish boy living in Germany in the 1930s. This immediately places Josef in the role of an adult, forcing him to grow up quickly. (including. The stories are set in different times and places and are told from the perspective of the refugee children. After Mahmouds home is destroyed, his brother Waleed, sister Hana, and his parents drive to the border of Turkey, hoping to escape. In exchange for Rachels diamonds, the soldiers offer her an impossible bargain: she can save just one of her children from being arrested. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Josef demonstrates his personal desire to grow up, but over the course of the novel he comes to recognize the value of being able to be a child. Josef; his mother, Rachel; and his sister, Ruth, leave for Hamburg, where they are to meet Aaron and sail to Cuba, which is said to be offering asylum to those fleeing Nazi Germany. However, one day Castro announces that he wont enforce staying in the country anymore, and Isabels family is ready to leave in a small boat their friends made. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Instant PDF downloads. His 2017 novel Refugee has spent more than two years on the New York Times bestseller list, and is the winner of 14 state awards. What are some ways that the characters were helped by the kindness and compassion of others? The rest, like Josef and his mother, were largely sent to concentration camps after Germany invaded other European countries. A gripping, visceral, and hold-your-breath intense story of three young refugees. Mahmoud and his family travel through Serbia and into Hungary, where they are detained at a refugee camp that is built like a prison. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Mahmoud Bisharas story is the most recent: he and his family live in Aleppo, Syria, in 2015 and escape to Germany. Along with the Castillosincluding Isabels best friend, IvnIsabel; her father, Geraldo; and her pregnant mother, Teresa, leave Havana for Florida. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Six months later, his mother receives a telegram that her husband has been released, but the family must leave Germany immediately. After it capsizes, it is another boat that gives Hana a chance at life, and it is a Greek Coast Guard boat that ultimately rescues Mahmouds family. Through the perils and forced courage of his protagonists, Gratz highlights the biggest tragedy of all refugee crises in history: the loss of childhood. Amidst the celebration of leaving, Josef is concerned about his father. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Josef and his sister Ruthie are just children, and yet they are needlessly abused by the soldiers. Anincredibly important, heartrending, edge-of-the-seat read, bringing light to the plight of immigrants who search for safety and freedom. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. Refugeeis both. The Landaus disembark in France, which gives them some months of respite. Each story weaves actual events into the narrative to create a realistic picture of the struggle and tragedies that families in each of these situations have faced. Storyboards also promote higher-level thinking by encouraging students to synthesize information and think critically about what they have read. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators .
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