A substance that directly activates gene transcription is likely acting as a: This protective role is important because cells of the immune system are denied access to the CNS. The nucleus accumbens facilitates fear and aggression. b. polymorphism. c. end terminus. d. Neurogenetics. What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in the neurons? When one or more presynaptic neurons fire in rapid order it produces a much greater depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane than would result from a single EPSP; this event is called ________ summation. D) sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract, What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called? C) oligodendrocytes C) action potential depolarized to D) absolute refractory period. c. it increases flow to highly active neurons. a. Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. innervation of glands. c. Myelination a. other neurons b. muscles c. glands d. all of the above, All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons EXCEPT: a. Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? c. working memory. (d) All of these are characteristic of neurons. Tell why you think so. Which of the following stimuli caused the reaction in the graph on the left? Transcribed image text: Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons? Describe the types of neurons, their structure and their function. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of nervous tissue in the brain a. Which neurons reside only within the CNS? What is an example of a presynaptic cell? The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place. a) ion b) cholinesterase c) neurotransmitter d) biogenic amine. The axon c. The dendrites d. The Nissl bodies. A) motor neurons a. Aim: The Combining Mechanisms for Better Outcomes randomized controlled trial assessed the effectiveness of various spinal cord stimulation (SCS) modalities for chronic pain. 11. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system. B) They have extreme longevity. It is concluded that motor and sensory axons have a different substrate preference at early postnatal stages but this difference is lost in the adult. A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex. Discovering that early life stress may cause polymorphisms that increase the risk of Which division of your nervous system is generating this response? (1991) finds that the CA1 neuron exhibits trains of action potentials when a small current (< 1 nA) is applied to the soma, but a full calcium spike and burst followed by trains of action potentials when the same small current is applied to . Hepatocytes and neurons express low baseline CB1R and CB2R, respectively, and their cell-type-specific functions are not well defined. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? To find the time when this object reaches the position x=0x=0x=0 we can use the quadratic formula, or apply the following two-step procedure: (a) Use Equation v2=v02+2a(xx0)=v02+2axv^2=v_0^2+2 a\left(x-x_0\right)=v_0^2+2 a \Delta xv2=v02+2a(xx0)=v02+2ax to show that the velocity of the object when it reaches x=0x=0x=0 is given by v=v022ax0v=\pm \sqrt{v_0^2-2 a x_0}v=v022ax0. A patient is admitted to the hospital with exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Hint. which ofthe following is correct? a. cerebellar ataxia. o Neurons have a very long lifespan Have low mitotic activity fie cannot undergo cell division) O Ability to transmit electrical signals (i.e. a. receives input from sensory neurons b. directs activity of motor neurons that innervate muscles and glands c. contains association neurons within the brain and spinal cord d. conta, Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? The small layer of tissue surrounding the cerebral aqueduct in the brain is called: d. Sensory, Which neuron structure receives impulses from the preceding cell? d. acetylcholine. 1. C) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings taking the substance. Do not divide - (neural stem cells are an exception) 3. d. Activation of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons, 65. A neuron consists of a nucleus, a region of tissue that contains the cell body. In terms of function, scientists classify neurons into three broad types: sensory . The function of neurons is to communicate information from one part of the body to other parts. This area is also known as the soma or perikaryon. A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________. Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes, Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups, If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy them, The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neuron processes. Which of the following membrane regions would have significant numbers of voltage-gated ion channels? Neurons are found across the body but are most numerous in the brain. A) postsynaptic potential threshold Voltage-gated Na+ c. synapses. If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. B) A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal. sure to include the influence of German philosopher Karl Marx in How can a single axon respond to several different kinds of events? c. lead to foreign substances entering the brain from the circulatory system. a. Astrocytes Question. The interior is ________. (a) hardened cells and neurons (b) neurons and supporting cells (c) chondrocytes and neurons (d) neuronocytes and smooth muscle cells. d. Cingulate cortex. Be b. Pons They may live as long as the organism they are part of, and they have an exceptionally high metabolic rate, requiring large amounts of glucose and oxygen to produce ATP. B. axon. A) innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract B) innervation of cardiac muscle C) innervation of skeletal muscle D . The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) coined by inflammation and neurodegeneration. a. Alzheimer's disease. What is the function of upper motor neurons? b. A) release nerve growth factor (c) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. a. A) senses changes in the environment D) A small . B) dendrite Although neurologic recovery is complete, amnesia for the event persists. C. cell body. 39. a. the structure is below the area. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons? What portion of the neuron receives signals from other neurons? 80. Which of the following is false or incorrect? There are three types of neurons. c. enhance the activity of reactive astrocytes. We investigated here the direct and differential effects of inflammatory mediators on human neurons. 62. researcher would: b. on the soma. b. Ventral root Has component cells designed for conductivity b. The human body is made of about 100 billion neurons. c. afferent neuron. 47. Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. b. c. midbrain. d. increased protection of the brain. As a component of the hyperdirect and indirect pathways, the STN is important for constraining movement, thought, and emotion through synaptic excitation of GABAergic basal ganglia output neurons. d. Polymorphism, 50. C) are crucial in the production of neurotransmitters 1 and Klioutchnikov et al. a. parietal lobe. a. Dendrites and axon 2. Which of the following is not true concerning the structural classification of neurons? c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. Citation 17 - Citation 21 However, the effect of CH on axonal plasticity within the white matter following ischemic stroke is not known in detail. GBA variants increase the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) by 10 times. Many drugs that produce highly enjoyable effects likely do so by affecting the: the membrane potential has been reestablished. B) Group A fibers are mostly somatic sensory and motor and are the smallest in diameter. 27. D) innervation of skeletal muscle, Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. Which of the choices below describes the ANS? A) ependymal cells The parasympathetic division includes the pelvic nerves. b. a. polymorphisms. What symptoms would a nurse focus on in his or her care of a patient with multiple sclerosis? 48. What type of channel on the postsynaptic membrane binds neurotransmitter? b. expect to find increased blood flow. The frequency of impulse transmission indicates the stimulus intensity and the brain responds appropriately. d. touch information. C) frequency of action potentials They are like neurons except that they lack axons. Some axon terminals contain more than one kind of neurotransmitter. Classify neurons according to their function. These neurons are inhibitory neurons, meaning they release neurotransmitters that keep other neurons from firing. C ) brain and spinal cord. What is the long outgrowth of a neuron along which electrical impulses are transmitted? A. a) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands b) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles c) sensory and motor neurons t. 1. The contractions of skeletal muscles pull on tendons and move bones of the skeleton. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons. What is the role of calcium in synaptic activity? B) excitatory potential Neurons are a type of cell and are part of the nervous system. It stores energy reserves. She asks the nurse,"Why did this have to happen to me again? capacity of divide via mitosis due to absence of centrosomes. Which of the following would NOT be an example of having an activated sympathetic Generally, these traits are not determined by just one gene, but instead by the cumulative effect . They have extreme longevity. C) oligodendrocytes D) tracts, The term central nervous system refers to the ________. A) An inhibitory postsynaptic potential occurs if the inhibitory effect is greater than the excitatory, causing hyperpolarization of the membrane. The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________. Its structure is multipolar. Traub et al. The synaptic cleft b. There are two basic neuron-containing systems: the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the spinal cord and brain, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all other nerve tissues. d. Neurotransmission from the neuron would increase. The inhibitory extracelluar matrix consists of chemicals that: It is the main component of the nervous system- both the central nervous and peripheral nervous system. Characteristics of the Neuron. Nerve cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) ________. b. Broca's Aphasia. A) peripheral and spinal nerves Preganglionic neurons are located in the brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord. What are the small lower motor neurons that innervate intrafusal muscle fibers that are part of specialized stretch receptors called? 9. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? They propel cellular components along microtubules. C) association neuron D) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. a. cerebral aqueduct. b. Epigenetics The pons is activated when someone startles. Neuroglia (a) conduct electrical impulses, (b) are nerve stem cells, (c) are support cells that aid neurons, (d) are an abnormal growth of neural tissue. In doing so, mention: a) the names of the neurons involved, b) where the neurons synapse with each other (2 possible ganglia), c) what Nt is released from each of the neurons. c. decrease anxiety. a. Multi-polar neurons b. Bipolar neurons c. Uni-polar neurons. How are women stereotyped by men in Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl? B) They have extreme longevity.C) They are mitotic. C) anchor neurons to blood vessels Which of the following describes the ANS? a. increase the activity of reactive astrocytes. The person may have constricted pupils. c. that a person is genetically male. Motor afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. stem c.) muscles d.) osteocytes. The thalamus routes all types of sensory information except: It is impossible in a single chapter to delineate comprehensively the extensive structural, topographical and functional variation achieved by this cell type. a. efferent neuron b. afferent neuron c. association neuron d. glial cell, Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? 54. Describe which neurons are considered cholinergic in both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. d. astrocytes form and maintain the blood-brain barrier. Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. A) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only d. gray matter. Neurotransmitters are chemical signals used as a means of communication. In which area of the neuron is an action potential initially generated? b. medulla ______________ are chemicals that promote the growth and development of neurons. c. myelin around axons. What function is served by the increased axon diameter at the nodes of Ranvier? a. Autonomic pathways consist of two types of motor neurons. C) innervation of glands c. cause the release of neurotrophins. Which of the following is NOT a function or characteristic of neurons? A. thow ion selectivity C. are gated A. Which functional classification of neurons is the most numerous? These K+ ions decrease the positive ion concentration momentarily below the normal -70mV and thus hyperpolarize the cell. Which of the following is the study of mechanisms of gene expression not involving Imagine a neuron that has several hundred axonal knobs impinging on it. Just what does pass from the neurons to the muscle c. Neurons are specialized cells that can do which of the following that most other cells cannot do? Which statement is true? b) Neurological cells protect and support neurons. D) lowering the threshold for an action potential to occur. This results in increased speed of impulse propagation. What are the different types of motor neurons? A postsynaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons. 42. b. the blood-brain barrier inability to divide by mitosis long cell life span (longevity) high aerobic metabolic rate ability to survive in anaerobic (Uithout oxygen) conditions. A. they produce neurotransmitters B. they lack neurotransmitter receptors C. they receive communication from other neurons D. they slow down the action potential. C) calcium - Neurons have a cell body, which contains the majority of the cell's organelles. mastering a&p- chapter 11 (part of 12) EXAM 5, Anatomy & Physiology Test 2: Tissues & Integu, UTA Biol 2458- A&P 2 Aranda Test review 1, Mastering Homework Questions and Notes: Actio, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. a. A) Specific sodium gates will open. a. Sensory neurons. 8. High mitotic rate B. B) amino acid C) They are mitotic. Which of the following statements regarding nervous tissue is not true? We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. A. Sensory. b. Sensory afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. B) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles (organalle) inside them, which is necessary to formation of mitotic. If a neuroscientist described a structure as more lateral to a particular area, this means that: 2. help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid. Their basic function is to receive and transmit information through electrical impulses. What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus? b. Neurotrophins (b) They have extreme longevity. 12. Damage to the hippocampus would likely cause impairments to long-term memory Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. a. anchor neurons to blood vessels. If a physician identified her patient as a low drug metabolizer, which of the following is most C) serotonin Extrapyramidal side effects produced by antipsychotic drugs are similar to the symptoms of: There are two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R and other candidates): the central nervous system (CNS) enriched CB1R and peripheral tissue enriched CB2R with a wide dynamic range of expression levels in different cell types of human tissues. d. Neurotrophins. a. visual information. 20. Sensory receptors for touch (and pressure) respond to physical deformation of the receptors, resulting in the opening of specific mechanically gated ion channels. A drug that caused someone to make a reckless decision might be affecting the: c. the thalamus. 12. Responding to brain injury is an important function of astrocytes. A toxin that destroyed the presynaptic terminal on an axon would likely: 7. The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a (n) ________. A) Sensory neuron B) Motor neuron C) Interneuron D) All of the above. It is important when reducing any model to first identify these characteristic behaviours. d. the hypothalamus. A. Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. d . Oligodendrocytes form: In this issue, Zhao et al. D) Ions always move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________. Give a valid explanation of why this could occur. d. inferior colliculus. C) found in ganglia Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parasympathetic division? D) control the chemical environment around neurons c. pons 77. d. astrocytes. A) efferent neuron B) short distance depolarization the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Unipolar,Bipolar,Multipolar. What does myelin do for neurons? d. medulla. C) Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons terminals of cells. The characteristics that vary on a continuum among people, such as height, skin color, or intelligence, are most likely determined by polygenic inheritance. b. Somatics b. basal ganglia synapses. a. on dendrites. Saltatory propagation occurs in _________ axons, in which action potentials _________. 38. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. a. the thin filaments of smooth muscle fibers are attached to dense bodies. B) amplitude of various sizes c. interneurons make inhibitory connections with damaged neurons. c. a Mendelian disease. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are _____., Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? d. frontal lobe. ce3z/(4zi)3dz. Specialized cells in the nervous system that control behavior, senses, and movement are called: a. neurons. True or False, Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? Visual disturbances, paralysis, and weakness, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. D. Skeletal muscles supports the weight of some internal organs. Required fields are marked. d . Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell membrane and allows ions to diffuse across the membrane. c. Inhibited digestion A) resting period However, the electrical impulse cannot pass directly from a nerve cell to the skeletal muscle cells to excite them. According to the signal, carried by motor nerves to effector organs, the muscles and glands . Neurons create extensive communication networks throughout the nervous system. A substance that inhibits the activity of the cerebellum would be expected to: d. ventral root. A) acetycholine What distinguishes nerve cells and other excitable membranes (e.g., muscle cells) is that they are capable of changing their resting potential. If a person ingested a substance that temporarily impaired the functioning of the Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? The autonomic has two divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic. 15. The characteristic neurologic picture including loss of consciousness, temporary respiratory arrest, and loss of reflexes. A) act as a transmitting agent the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. d. proteins. b. prevent electrical impulses from traveling down axons. c. Extrapyramidal System The parasympathetic division includes the splanchnic nerves. 61. d. implicit memory. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are "firing," but due to the neurotransmitter released and its action, the postsynaptic neuron is inhibited from "firing" (hyperpolarized). Which of the following is not a structural feature of a neuron? The synapse more common in embryonic nervous tissue than in adults is the ________. Both excitatory and inhibitory potentials impinge on neurons. Ans: they are mitotic Unli . c. Myasthenia Gravis. a. Neurons are relatively small, simple-structured cells. Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes? Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with an increasing worldwide prevalence. If physicians found that inflammation had caused damage to the blood-brain barrier, which New three-photon miniature microscopes open the study of neuronal networks to those deep in the brains of behaving animals. That part of the nervous system that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ________ nervous system. D) Schwann cell, Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? Correct option is C) Sensory neurons receive sensory inputs from the internal and external environment and transmit it to CNS (brain and spinal cord) for processing. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. 100% (3 ratings) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons? D. axon hillock. C) leakage channel a. ribosomes. a. reduced cerebrospinal fluid. The correct answer is (d) All of these are characteristic of neurons. In myelinated axons the voltage-regulated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. d. ribosome transcription. Which cells in the brain remove normal cellular waste? A) They conduct impulses. A) support and brace neurons In epilepsy research, there is a growing interest in the role of the piriform cortex (PC) in the development and maintenance of limbic kindling and other types of limbic . a. Schwann cells b. oligodendrocytes c. astroc, What kind of nerve cells are thought to be helpers for the neurons? Local anesthetics block voltage-gated Na+ channels, but they do not block mechanically gated ion channels. C) negatively charged and contains more sodium innervation of skeletal muscle. Identify the neuron type described: Two neuron types whose cell bodies are in the spinal cord (CNS). The generation of an action potential in a neuron requires the presence what type of membrane channels? They secrete acetylcholine. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. B) Ions always move passively across membranes. a. D) potassium, Nerve cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) ________. What do neurons synapse with? 72. If a loud noise made you jump, which structure was most likely responsible for this Indicate the number of orbitals in the 6p sublevel. Name two amino acid neurotransmitters, two catecholamines, and two peptides. B. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Europe's communications systems? 59. c. reduced oxygen delivery to cells. c. a ventricle. b. oligodendrocytes. a. Neurogenetics Briefly describe 6 effects this division has on the body. Question. B. ________ is a disease that gradually destroys the myelin sheaths of neurons in the CNS, particularly in young adults. The patient is noncompliant and needs additional monitoring. a. that a person will have a polymorphism. 19. Allow ions to move in and out of its cellular membrane. Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters? Which pattern of neural processing is important for higher level mental processing such as problem solving? b. Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? The cell body is the metabolic center of the neuron. The part of a neuron that sends neurotransmitters into a synapse is called a(n): 6. Which component has a role in the postsynaptic cell during synaptic activity? d. the structure is anterior to the area. Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________. kg 1), . When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________. In each of the following sentences, circle the phrase following the subject. The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place. Which of the following is correct? ATP-dependent "motor" proteins such as kinesin, dynein, and myosin are responsible. If a neuroscientist stated that a brain structure had efferent neurons, what can be concluded? the afferent division of the nervous system. Its axon, the postganglionic axon, extends to the effector organ. Resting potentials are not just characteristics of nerve cells; all cells in the body have resting potentials. A. neuronal fibers; axons B. axons; dendrites C. dendr. b. the person has a disease that affects myelin around axons. Identify the neuron type described: A functional neuron type most prevalent in the CNS. Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? Serotonin is a biogenic amine neurotransmitter widely distributed in the brain, where it plays a role in emotional behavior and helps to regulate the biological clock. DI) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. They have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? However, the electrical impulses cannot pass directly from a nerve cell to the skeletal muscle cells to excite them. Even though someone is diagnosed with MS, the axons are not damaged. D) size of action potentials, Bipolar neurons are commonly ________. d. Nuclei. What effect might a disease that destroyed oligodendrocytes have on neuronal function? b. True or False, A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the presynaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane. The autonomic nervous has control centers in the: Diminished activation of postganglionic sympathetic neurons b. cause inattention. The membrane potential of the postsynaptic membrane changes. Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane? Classify Neurons by 3 Structures. What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called? a. epigenetics. 1. C) An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs if the excitatory effect is greater than the inhibitory effect but less than threshold.
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