House seats are apportioned among the states by population every tenth year. Belly of the Beast Directors Cut is a ground-breaking documentary film that presents the hidden history of the United States and its secret origins of the deep state that youve never seen or heard before, as well as decoding their present-day conspiracies and the future prophecies to come. [23] The United States is home to more than 400 mammal, 750 bird, and 500 reptile and amphibian species. Farther west are the rocky Great Basin and deserts such as the Chihuahua and Mojave. [132] The average American adult (accounting for all drivers and nondrivers) spends 55 minutes driving every day, traveling 29 miles (47km). [76] Approximately 90,000 U.S. troops were serving in Afghanistan as of April 2012;[77] as of April 4, 1,924 had been killed during the War in Afghanistan. Mark Twain and poet Walt Whitman were major figures in the century's second half; Emily Dickinson, virtually unknown during her lifetime, is now recognized as an essential American poet. [121], The United States has been a leader in scientific research and technological innovation since the late 19th century. In the visual arts, the Hudson River School was a mid-19th-century movement in the tradition of European naturalism. Total Run Time: 2 hrs 17 min. Wheat is the primary cereal grain. Donnie Yen didn't want to perpetuate "generic"-sounding stereotypes onscreen.. The Louisiana Purchase of French-claimed territory under President Thomas Jefferson in 1803 almost doubled the nation's size. The country ranks ninth in the world in nominal GDP per capita and sixth in GDP per capita at PPP. [207] Protestant denominations accounted for 51.3%, while Roman Catholicism, at 23.9%, was the largest individual denomination. The hidden history of the United States and its secret origins of the deep state. The United States, effectively neutral during World War II's early stages after Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland in September 1939, began supplying materiel to the Allies in March 1941 through the Lend-Lease program. [48] The United States, having developed the first nuclear weapons, used them on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August. [117] The top 1% pays 27.6% of all federal taxes, while the top 10% pays 54.7%. Writers such as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Henry David Thoreau established a distinctive American literary voice by the middle of the 19th century. The principle of judicial review, not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution, was declared by the Supreme Court in Marbury v. Madison (1803). Be prepared to learn some amazing facts uncovered that reveal forgotten truths that shine a light what role America has in Biblical End Time prophecies.Justen and Wes Faulls powerful new film 'Belly of the Beast' Director's Cut is totally worth the cost of purchase. Retrieved March 25, 2008 (area given in square kilometers). In 2010, about 230 million, or 80% of the population aged five years and older, spoke only English at home. The California Gold Rush of 184849 further spurred western migration. After the British defeat by American forces assisted by the French and Spanish, Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States and the states' sovereignty over American territory west to the Mississippi River. 1. Basketball was invented in Massachusetts by Canadian-born James Naismith. 2023 American Patriot Social Video Platform. After the Civil War, Charles Sanders Peirce and then William James and John Dewey were leaders in the development of pragmatism. Characteristic dishes such as apple pie, fried chicken, pizza, hamburgers, and hot dogs derive from the recipes of various immigrants. Director's Cut version released by Fourth Watch Films. You can see their full film here: https://vimeo.com/ondemand/bobdc Or order here: https://www.fourthwatchfilms.com/Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for \"fair use\" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. For thousands of years, mystery religions and diverse occultists ha Is the United States of America, by design, set to fulfill an ancient, esoteric prophecy, charted by mystics of ages past? [180] The U.S. population almost quadrupled during the 20th century, from about 76 million in 1900. [50][51] He also signed into law the Medicare and Medicaid programs. ", http://web.archive.org/web/20071017111347/http://worldbank.org/economicpolicy/globalization/thwart.html, "Media Statistics > Television Viewing by Country", http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/med_tel_vie-media-television-viewing, http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?R=1005003, http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?R=1004830, http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/US, "What, When, and Where Americans Eat in 2003", http://www.newswise.com/articles/what-when-and-where-americans-eat-in-2003, "Let's Eat Out: Americans Weigh Taste, Convenience, and Nutrition", http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib19/eib19_reportsummary.pdf, "Professional Football Widens Its Lead Over Baseball as Nation's Favorite Sport", http://www.harrisinteractive.com/Insights/HarrisVault8482.aspx?PID=337, "What Would the End of Football Look Like? [156] Approximately one-third of the adult population is obese and an additional third is overweight;[157] the obesity rate, the highest in the industrialized world, has more than doubled in the last quarter-century. William Faulkner and Ernest Hemingway are often named among the most influential writers of the 20th century. Some state judges and cabinet officers are appointed by the governors of the respective states, while others are elected by popular vote. [205] According to a 2007 survey, 78.4% of adults identified themselves as Christian,[206] down from 86.4% in 1990. In response, the Bush administration launched the global War on Terror, invading Afghanistan and removing the Taliban government and al-Qaeda training camps. Meanwhile, the federal government and a majority of states define marriage as between a man and a woman and/or explicitly prohibit same-sex marriage. [57] For elective offices at most levels, state-administered primary elections choose the major party nominees for subsequent general elections. French fries, Mexican dishes such as burritos and tacos, and pasta dishes freely adapted from Italian sources are widely consumed. [187], The population growth of Hispanic and Latino Americans (the terms are officially interchangeable) is a major demographic trend. The transcendentalists, led by Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson, established the first major American philosophical movement. The subsequent Soviet collapse ended the Cold War. Revisiting the Concept of Underinsurance". Justen Faull, Wes Faull, Thomas R. Horn, Russ Dizdar, Carl Teichrib, LTC. [155] Increasing obesity in the United States and health improvements elsewhere have contributed to lowering the country's rank in life expectancy from 1987, when it was 11th in the world. French fur traders established outposts of New France around the Great Lakes; France eventually claimed much of the North American interior, down to the Gulf of Mexico. [137] Light rail development has increased in recent years but, like high speed rail, is below European levels. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean. It emerged from World WarII as the first country with nuclear weapons and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The adventure includes a mysterious Bible that . [166] Federal legislation passed in early 2010 will create a near-universal health insurance system around the country by 2014. Insider spoke to "Luther: The Fallen Sun" director Jamie Payne about the new movie. Is the United States of America, by design, set to fulfill an ancient, esoteric prophecy, charted by mystics of ages past? [95] It is the world's number one producer of electrical and nuclear energy, as well as liquid natural gas, sulfur, phosphates, and salt. [204] Many jurisdictions with large numbers of non-English speakers produce government materials, especially voting information, in the most commonly spoken languages in those jurisdictions. With Russ Dizdar, Justen Faull, Wes Faull, Thomas Horn. [193], About 82% of Americans live in urban areas (including suburbs);[1] about half of those reside in cities with populations over 50,000. [159] The infant mortality rate of 6.06 per thousand places the United States 176th out of 222 countries, higher than all of Western Europe.[160]. A series of U.S. military incursions into Florida led Spain to cede it and other Gulf Coast territory in 1819. [200][201] Some Americans advocate making English the country's official language, as it is in at least twenty-eight states. The election of Ronald Reagan as president in 1980 heralded a rightward shift in American politics, reflected in major changes in taxation and spending priorities. [148], The United States has many competitive private and public institutions of higher education. Taliban insurgents continue to fight a guerrilla war. In 2008, the United States spent a net $25.4 billion on official development assistance, the most in the world. [185], The United States has a very diverse populationthirty-one ancestry groups have more than one million members. The star of "John Wick: Chapter 4" revealed that he asked director Chad Stahelski to change his character's name to a more "normal" moniker of Caine.. More from IndieWire 'John Wick: Chapter 4' Final Trailer: Keanu Reeves Is Broken, Bloodied, and Badass Across the Globe Humes, Karen R., Nicholas A. Jones, and Roberto R. Ramirez (March 2011). [177] In 2007, New Jersey became the first state to legislatively abolish the death penalty since the 1976 Supreme Court decision, followed by New Mexico in 2009 and Illinois in 2011. Public opinion on the issue has shifted from general opposition in the 1990s to a statistical deadlock, to a majority in support. [228] The four major broadcast networks are all commercial entities. Scheb, John M., and John M. Scheb II (2002). [56] In the American federalist system, citizens are usually subject to three levels of government, federal, state, and local; the local government's duties are commonly split between county and municipal governments. [179] Much of this growth is from immigration; as of 2007, 12.6% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, with 54% of that figure born in Latin America. The adventure includes a mysterious Bible thats bound in the testes of the Washington Monument, and where \u0026 why an underground obelisk awaits nearby; the entrance to a secret crypt in D.C. thats connected to the underworld; the origins of American Lucifer worship linked to the deep state; and for the first time ever revealed, the U.S. government-owned location where The Antichrist will likely be resurrected on American soil! [55] The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the U.S. Constitution, which serves as the country's supreme legal document. In the 20th century, the work of W. V. O. Quine and Richard Rorty, and later Noam Chomsky, brought analytic philosophy to the fore of American philosophical academia. Although there is no official language at the federal level, some lawssuch as U.S. naturalization requirementsstandardize English. Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate Western contact. The United States also possesses five major overseas territories: Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands in the Caribbean; and American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific. Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China, participate as "Hong Kong, China" and "Macao China". Although "United States" is the official appositional term, "American" and "U.S." are more commonly used to refer to the country adjectivally ("American values", "U.S.forces"). Is the United States of America, by design, set to fulfill an ancient, esoteric prophecy, charted by mystics of ages past? [188] Between 2000 and 2010, the country's Hispanic population increased 43% while the non-Hispanic population rose just 4.9%. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, and others led a new wave of feminism that sought political, social, and economic equality for women. Eight Olympic Games have taken place in the United States. Director D. W. Griffith was central to the development of film grammar and Orson Welles's Citizen Kane (1941) is frequently cited as the greatest film of all time. It was fourth in productivity per hour, behind those two countries and the Netherlands. By contrast, private overseas giving by Americans is relatively generous. Of Americans twenty-five and older, 84.6% graduated from high school, 52.6% attended some college, 27.2% earned a bachelor's degree, and 9.6% earned graduate degrees. Census Regions, Census Divisions, and Their Constituent States", http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/glossry2.pdf, "Foreign Language Enrollments in United States Institutions of Higher Learning", http://www.adfl.org/resources/enrollments.pdf, "The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4", http://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html, "California Code of Civil Procedure, Section 412.20(6)", http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=ccp&group=00001-01000&file=412.10-412.30, http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/forms/allforms.htm, "Among Wealthy NationsU.S. [6][217] More recent immigration from Asia and especially Latin America has added to a cultural mix that has been described as both a homogenizing melting pot, and a heterogeneous salad bowl in which immigrants and their descendants retain distinctive cultural characteristics. The Iraq War ended with the pullout of the remaining U.S. troops from the country. Within American political culture, the Republican Party is considered center-right or conservative and the Democratic Party is considered center-left or liberal. Belly of the Beast Director's Cut is a ground-breaking documentary film that presents the hidden history of the United States and its secret origins of the deep state that you've never seen or heard before, as well as decoding their present-day conspiracies and the future prophecies to come. All laws and governmental procedures are subject to judicial review and any law ruled in violation of the Constitution is voided. A Cross-National Assessment". Wright, Gavin, and Jesse Czelusta, "Resource-Based Growth Past and Present", in. [52] Johnson and his successor, Richard Nixon, expanded a proxy war in Southeast Asia into the unsuccessful Vietnam War. [110], Between 1947 and 1979, real median income rose by over 80% for all classes, with the incomes of poor Americans rising faster than those of the rich. [203] Other states, such as California, mandate the publication of Spanish versions of certain government documents including court forms. "The Unkillable Dream of the Great American Novel: Boslaugh, Sarah (2010). Spanish settlements in the region were followed by ones in the present-day southwestern United States that drew thousands through Mexico. [86], The United States is the largest importer of goods and third largest exporter, though exports per capita are relatively low. ! State courts conduct most criminal trials; federal courts handle certain designated crimes as well as certain appeals from the state systems. New 'Guardians of the Galaxy Volume 3' Trailer. [5] Both Hawaiian and English are official languages in Hawaii by state law.[202]. Hamilton, Brady E., Joyce A. Martin, and Stephanie J. Ventura (2011-11-17). Kenworthy, L. (1999). [93] Chemical products are the leading manufacturing field. See more Wikipedia articles related to United States. At the federal level and in almost every state, jurisprudence operates on a common law system. Attitudes toward slavery were shifting; a clause in the Constitution protected the Atlantic slave trade only until 1808. This globally sovereign empire would lead the entire world into an age of spiritual enlightenment, posturing itself as a true utopia while it ushers in a revival of ancient magick rites, as well as a return to the worship of old gods and goddesses. The issue remains highly controversial, with public opinion closely divided for many years. [6] The U.S.economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). American pop stars such as Presley, Michael Jackson, and Madonna have become global celebrities. [119] The top 1% possesses 33.4% of net wealth. Download Telegram App directly from Telegram Website not the Google play store version3. citizenship. "Social Security Isn't Broken: So Why the Rush to 'Fix' It?" In the 112th United States Congress, the Senate comprises 51 Democrats, two independents who caucus with the Democrats, and 47 Republicans; the House comprises 242 Republicans and 192 Democratsone seat is vacant. Tensions between slave and free states mounted with arguments about the relationship between the state and federal governments, as well as violent conflicts over the spread of slavery into new states. Mainstream American cuisine is similar to that in other Western countries. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791. The team of Harrigan and Hart produced a series of popular musical comedies in New York starting in the late 1870s. [163] The subject of uninsured and underinsured Americans is a major political issue. Justen Faull, Wes Faull, Thomas R. Horn, Russ Dizdar, Carl Teichrib, In a 2002 study, 59% of Americans said that religion played a "very important role in their lives", a far higher figure than that of any other wealthy nation. [69] American forces can be rapidly deployed by the Air Force's large fleet of transport aircraft, the Navy's eleven active aircraft carriers, and Marine Expeditionary Units at sea with the Navy's Atlantic and Pacific fleets. The adventure includes a mysterious Bible thats bound in the testes of the Washington Monument, and where and why an underground obelisk awaits nearby; the entrance to a secret crypt in D.C. thats connected to the underworld; the origins of American Lucifer worship linked to the deep state; and for the first time ever revealed, the U.S. government-owned location where The Antichrist will likely be resurrected on American soil. This product uses the TMDb API but is not endorsed or certified by TMDb. [225] American screen actors like John Wayne and Marilyn Monroe have become iconic figures, while producer/entrepreneur Walt Disney was a leader in both animated film and movie merchandising. [122], The rise of Nazism in the 1930s led many European scientists, including Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, and John von Neumann, to immigrate to the United States. Write by: All had local governments with elections open to most free men, with a growing devotion to the ancient rights of Englishmen and a sense of self-government stimulating support for republicanism. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2000)", http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-state=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-P1&-mt_name=&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-1&-_lang=en, "Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2008 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008", "Table 5. The Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges run close to the Pacific coast. Excluding the Native Americans (popularly known as "American Indians"), who were being displaced, those thirteen colonies had a population of 2.6million in 1770, about one-third that of Britain; nearly one in five Americans were black slaves. Baseball has been regarded as the national sport since the late 19th century, while American football is now by several measures the most popular spectator sport. [210], Same-sex marriage is a contentious issue. [11], In 1507, German cartographer Martin Waldseemller produced a world map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere "America" after Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci. For thousands of years, mystery religions and diverse occultists have shrouded prophecies of a great continent of the Western Hemisphere that would become the catalyst of the final world kingdom. The United States is one of only three countries that do not rely primarily on the International System of Units. On June14, 1775, the Continental Congress, convening in Philadelphia, established a Continental Army under the command of George Washington. ", http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html, http://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp, http://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf, "Global Significance of Selected U.S. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. However, metric units are increasingly used in science, medicine, and many industrial fields.[245]. ", "The story of the street that changed history.". Belly of the Beast Directors Cut spotlights these topics and so much more! [71] The extent of this global military presence has prompted some scholars to describe the United States as maintaining an "empire of bases". [120] In 2011 the United Nations Development Programme ranked the United States 23rd among 139 countries on its inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI), nineteen places lower than in the standard HDI. Major artistic movements such as the abstract expressionism of Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning and the pop art of Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein developed largely in the United States. Since the Civil War, only one third-party presidential candidateformer president Theodore Roosevelt, running as a Progressive in 1912has won as much as 20% of the popular vote. This film is a must see! Belly of the Beast: Director's Cut: Directed by Justen Faull, Wes Faull. The Northern states abolished slavery between 1780 and 1804, leaving the slave states of the South as defenders of the "peculiar institution". After a number of different premieres all over the world, the reviews are finally in for director James Cameron's Avatar: The Way of Water. In 2005, 40% of this energy came from petroleum, 23% from coal, and 22% from natural gas. [109] A 2007 UNICEF study of children's well-being in twenty-one industrialized nations ranked the United States next to last. ", http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2494/does-the-united-states-lead-the-world-in-prison-population, "Pew Report Finds More than One in 100 Adults are Behind Bars", http://web.archive.org/web/20080303025427/http://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/news_room_detail.aspx?id=35912, http://web.archive.org/web/20070611192107/http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/glance/tables/incrttab.htm, "World Prison Population List (8th edition)", http://www.prisonstudies.org/info/downloads/wppl-8th_41.pdf, "The Impact of the War on Drugs on U.S. Incarceration", http://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2000/usa/Rcedrg00-05.htm, "Executions in the United States in 2007", http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/executions-united-states-2007, http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/death-penalty-international-perspective#interexec, "Quinn Signs Death Penalty Ban, Commutes 15 Death Row Sentences to Life", http://newsblogs.chicagotribune.com/clout_st/2011/03/quinn-signs-death-penalty-ban-commutes-15-death-row-sentences-to-life.html, "Homeward Bound: Recent Immigration Enforcement and the Decline in the Illegal Alien Population", http://www.cis.org/articles/2008/back808.pdf, "Statistical Abstract of the United States", http://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/06statab/pop.pdf, "Executive Summary: A Population Perspective of the United States", http://web.archive.org/web/20070604165856/http://www.prcdc.org/summaries/uspopperspec/uspopperspec.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2054rank.html, "Persons Obtaining Legal Permanent Resident Status by Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Years 1998 to 2007 (Table 3)", http://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR07.shtm, http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf, "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010", http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf, "B03001. The three largest airlines in the world by passengers carried are U.S.-based; Delta Air Lines is number one. "American" is rarely used in English to refer to people not connected to the United States. The short form "United States" is also standard. As victory was won in Europe, a 1945 international conference held in San Francisco produced the United Nations Charter, which became active after the war. Breaking Boundaries: The Science of Our Planet, Camp Confidential: America's Secret Nazis, Summer of Soul (Or, When the Revolution Could Not Be Televised), "A 90-day mission becomes a 15-year journey of opportunity. National infrastructure development spurred economic growth. . Belly of the Beast: Director's Cut DVD'S available exclusively at https://www.fourthwatchfilms.comStream Belly of the Beast: Director's Cut right now at http. There are fifty-eight national parks and hundreds of other federally managed parks, forests, and wilderness areas. The United States has won 2,301 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any other country,[243] and 253 in the Winter Olympic Games, the second most. Buell, Lawrence (Spring/Summer 2008). Estimates of Population Change for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Rankings: July 1, 2007 to July 1, 2008", "Raleigh and Austin are Fastest-Growing Metro Areas", http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb09-45.html, "2010 Census National Summary File of Redistricting Data", http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_NSRD_GCTPL2.US24PR&prodType=table, "Figure A3. Eleven U.S. citizens have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, most recently Toni Morrison in 1993. Tensions between American colonials and the British during the revolutionary period of the 1760s and early 1770s led to the American Revolutionary War, fought from 1775 to 1781. In 1893, the indigenous monarchy of the Pacific Kingdom of Hawaii was overthrown in a coup led by American residents; the United States annexed the archipelago in 1898. [151] The basic literacy rate is approximately 99%. Country music developed in the 1920s, and rhythm and blues in the 1940s. The Beat Generation writers opened up new literary approaches, as have postmodernist authors such as John Barth, Thomas Pynchon, and Don DeLillo. DeNavas-Walt, Carmen, Bernadette D. Proctor, and Jessica Smith (August 2008). Elements from folk idioms such as the blues and what is now known as old-time music were adopted and transformed into popular genres with global audiences. "Columbia", a once popular name for the United States, derives from Christopher Columbus; it appears in the name "District of Columbia". [237] Americans generally prefer coffee to tea. The House Un-American Activities Committee pursued a series of investigations into suspected leftist subversion, while Senator Joseph McCarthy became the figurehead of anticommunist sentiment. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. [43] In 1917, the United States joined the Allies, and the American Expeditionary Forces helped to turn the tide against the Central Powers. The 2000 presidential election, one of the closest in American history, was resolved by a U.S. Supreme Court decisionGeorge W. Bush, son of George H. W. Bush, became president. Is the United States of America, by design, set to fulfill an ancient, esoteric prophecy, charted by mystics of ages past? [161] The World Health Organization ranked the U.S. health care system in 2000 as first in responsiveness, but 37th in overall performance. "How Much Health Insurance Is Enough? Japan surrendered on September 2, ending the war.[49]. Justen Faull and Wes Faull, two Christian brothers and film makers take you on an eye opening journey into the truth behind who really founded America. [46] Participation in the war spurred capital investment and industrial capacity. For thousands of years, mystery religions and diverse occultists have shroude. [21], The United States, with its large size and geographic variety, includes most climate types. [197] The metro areas of Dallas, Houston, Atlanta, and Phoenix all grew by more than a million people between 2000 and 2008. [73] The proposed base Department of Defense budget for 2012, $553 billion, is a 4.2% increase over 2011; an additional $118 billion is proposed for the military campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan. The flat, fertile prairie of the Great Plains stretches to the west, interrupted by a highland region in the southeast. While most major U.S. sports have evolved out of European practices, volleyball, skateboarding, snowboarding, and cheerleading are American inventions. [35] By the turn of the 18th century, African slaves were becoming the primary source of bonded labor.